A theory of adult learning, distinguished by Malcolm Knowles from child-directed pedagogy, holding that adult learners are self-directed, bring accumulated experience to bear on new learning, and are motivated by problems relevant to their own lives. Knowles introduced the term into English-language adult education from 1968 onward, though the word itself was coined earlier, by the German educator Alexander Kapp in 1833.
Facts
Core ClaimAdults learn most effectively as self-directed participants who draw on their own experience, apply learning to social and work roles, and are motivated by immediate, performance-oriented relevance rather than subject-centred instruction alone. 1 Origin YearMarks Knowles''s introduction of the term to English-language adult education; the word ''andragogy'' itself was coined earlier, by the German educator Alexander Kapp in 1833. Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
Knowles' assumptions about self-directed, experience-driven adult learners draw on humanistic psychology.
Developed By
Additional Source WikipediaAndragogy, lead section In Approach
Knowles drew directly on humanistic psychology, especially self-direction and intrinsic motivation.
Sources
1. eLearning Industry
eLearning Industryelearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles, timeline sectionQuote, elearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles, timeline section
Knowles' groundbreaking article, 'Andragogy, Not Pedagogy' (1968), along with his subsequent books, clearly defined the assumptions and principles that transformed adult education.
1. eLearning Industry
eLearning Industryelearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles, core assumptions sectionQuote, elearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles, core assumptions section
Adults like to be in charge; experience is a resource; relevance is everything; adults seek solutions that solve real-life problems; motivation to learn is internal.
Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAndragogy, lead sectionQuote, Andragogy, lead section
Andragogy (Greek: 'man-leading') should be distinguished from the more commonly used term pedagogy (Greek: 'child-leading').
Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAndragogy, Knowles''s theoryQuote, Andragogy, Knowles''s theory
It later became very popular in the US by the American educator Malcolm Knowles.
Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAndragogy, HistoryQuote, Andragogy, History
The term was originally coined by German educator Alexander Kapp in 1833.
infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Malcolm Knowles page, alternate namingQuote, Malcolm Knowles page, alternate naming
the art and science of helping adults learn as against pedagogy as the art and science of teaching children
infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Malcolm Knowles page, term derivationQuote, Malcolm Knowles page, term derivation
While the concept of andragogy had been in spasmodic usage since the 1830s, it was Malcolm Knowles who popularised its usage.
infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Developed By: Malcolm Knowles, Malcolm Knowles page, attributionQuote, Developed By: Malcolm Knowles, Malcolm Knowles page, attribution
it was Malcolm Knowles who popularised its usage for English language readers
infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
In Approach: Humanism, Malcolm Knowles page, humanistic influencesQuote, In Approach: Humanism, Malcolm Knowles page, humanistic influences
extensive use of a model of relationships derived from humanistic clinical psychology, and, in particular, the qualities of good facilitation argued for by Carl Rogers
infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
In Category: Learning Theory and Concepts, Malcolm Knowles pageQuote, In Category: Learning Theory and Concepts, Malcolm Knowles page
the art and science of helping adults learn as against pedagogy as the art and science of teaching children
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